Today – the Day of the Endangered Lawyer 2015 – the Signatory organizations call on the Aquino government to investigate and prevent the killings and harassment of lawyers in the Philippines.
Number of killings and harassment
At least 39 lawyers have been killed in the Philippines since 2004 for reasons apparently related to their profession. Many more lawyers have been threatened, harassed, intimidated, labeled as ‘enemies of the state’ or subjected to surveillance or other forms of attacks.
Victims
Most of the lawyer victims were handling high profile cases in which the interests of the upper layer of society are at stake, such as land reforms, corruption and election-related issues.
Perpetrators
Of the known perpetrators recorded, 65% have been identified as members of the military and 20% as members of the police service. In over 50% of cases involving attacks on lawyers, no suspected perpetrator(s) have been identified.
Underlying causes for extrajudicial killings
The practice of labeling (classifying victims as ‘enemies of the state’), the involvement of the military in politics, the proliferation of private armies and vigilante groups and the culture of impunity have been identified by national and international fact finding bodies as the main root causes for the alarming rate of extrajudicial killings, including the extrajudicial killings of lawyers, in the Philippines.
Track record of the Aquino administration
The Aquino administration has failed to achieve any fundamental changes. The harassment and labeling of lawyers continues unabated and the number of extrajudicial killings of lawyers has risen. Suspected perpetrators are seldom arrested and rarely identified and held accountable through prosecutions.
Consequences
The harassment and killings of lawyers and the impunity shielding perpetrators impair the ability of lawyers to provide legal representation and consequently severely undermines the proper functioning of the rule of law and the adequate protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms.
International obligations
The Philippines were part of the voting when the United Nations Basic Principles on the Role of Lawyers was adopted by the General Assembly in 1990 and therefore are have an positive duty to ensure that lawyers are able to perform all of their professional functions without intimidation, hindrance, harassment or improper interference and to adequately safeguard lawyers where their security is threatened due to their job. This duty is an integral part of The Philippines’ obligations under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights to ensure rights including the right to remedies and to a fair trial.
Recommendations
In view of the above Lawyers for Lawyers urge the Philippine government to take necessary and effective measures:
(1) to prevent extrajudicial killings and all forms of harassment of lawyers,
(2) ensure that suspected perpetrators of crimes against lawyers are effectively investigated, prosecuted and, if convicted, punished with appropriate sanctions, and
(3) duly support and protect the personal and professional independence and safety of lawyers in accordance with the Basic Principles on the Role of Lawyers adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations in 1990.
Co-signing organizations in alphabetical order:
Asian Human Rights Commission (AHRC)
Fair Trial Watch (FTW)
Freedom House
German Bar Association
Haldane Society of Socialist Lawyers
International Association of Democratic Lawyers
International Association for Peoples’ Lawyers
International Bar Association Human Rights Institute
Lawyers for Lawyers (L4L)
Lawyers Rights’ Watch Canada (LRWC)
Özgürlükcü Hukukcular Dernegi (ÖHD)
Solicitors International Human Rights Group (SIHRG)
The Law Society of England and Wales
2014
1. Atty. Rodolfo R. Felicio (66) – Taytay, Rizal – August 24, 2014
2. Atty. Cristobal V. Fernandez (64) – San Fabian, Pangasinan – August 8, 2014
3. Atty. Isagani G. Garcia (35) – San Gabriel, Tuguegarao City – May 14, 2014
4. Atty. Noel D. Archival (52) – Dumaguete City – February 18, 2014
2013
5. Atty. John Mark F. Espera (39) – Hamtic, Antique – August 31, 2013
6. Atty. Ian E. Vela Cruz – Olongapo, Zambales – May 18, 2013
7. Atty. Jubian P. Achas – Cebu City – January 22, 2013
2012
8. Atty. Sulpicio A. Landicho – Tanauan City, Batangas – November 14, 2012
9. Atty. Lazaro C. Gayo (61) – Agoo, La Union – October 29, 2012
10. Atty. Nicomedes R. Romagos (58) – Cataingan, Masbate – September 20, 2012
11. Atty. Xerxes B. Camacho – Northern Samar – August 18, 2012
12. Atty. Manolo M. Zerna (48) – Tanjay City, Negros Oriental – August 3, 2012
2011
13. Atty. Archer Baldwin R. Martinez (47) – Dumaguete City – August 5, 2011
2009
14. Atty. Concepcion J. Brizuela (56) – victim of Ampatuan Massacre – November 23, 2009
15. Atty. Cynthia Oquendo-Ayon (35) – victim of Ampatuan Massacre – November 23, 2009
2008
16. Atty. Richard W. Sison (52) – Barangay Tinago, Cebu City – May 21, 2008
2007
17. Atty. Alejo L. Dojillo (43) – San Fabian, Pangasinan – September 10, 2007
18. Atty. Conrado D. Soriano Jr. (54) – San Carlos City, Pangasinan – August 27, 2007
19. Atty. Luis R. Dote (46) (PAO) – Legazpi City, Albay, Bicol – June 17, 2007
20. Atty. Demetrio L. Hilbero – Calamba City, Laguna, Southern Luzon – June 16, 2007
2006
21. Atty. Gil Gojol (50) – Barangay Payakin, Gubat, Sorsogon – December 12, 2006
22. Atty. Nestor J. Ballacillo (57) – Barangay San Antonio – December 6, 2006
23. Atty. Leonito T. Tapel – Bulacan, Luzon – December 2, 2006
24. Atty. Froilan V. Siobal (57) – Pangasinan, Luzon – November 19/20, 2006
25. Atty. Evelyn B. Guballa – Quezon City, Manila – June 21, 2006
26. Atty. Rogelio O. Montero – San Jose del Monte, Bulacan – May 15, 2006
27. Atty. Carlo Magno Uminga – Barangay Angayan Sur, Pangasinan – April 14, 2006
2005
28. Atty. Eugenia C. Vinluan Campol (36) (PAO) – Baguio City, Luzon – September 5, 2005
29. Atty. Victor Padilla (57) – Manila, Luzon – September 6, 2005 [CHECK]
30. Atty. Norman Bocar (57) – Samar – September 1, 2005
31. Atty. Ambrosio F. Matias Jr. (47) – Luzon – May 8, 2005
32. Atty. Felidito C. Dacut (51) – Tacloban City, Leyte – March 14, 2005
33. Atty. Teresita Vidamo (33) (PAO) – Las Pinas, Metro Manila, Luzon – February 9, 2005
34. Atty. Reuel Dalguntas (45) – Davao City, Mindanao – February 5, 2005
2004
35. Atty. Edgar Calizo Sr. – Aklan, Visayas – November 22, 2004
36. Atty. Arbet Sta. Ana-Yongco – Barangay Zapatera, Cebu City – October 11, 2004
37. Atty. Victoria Mangapit-Sturch – Baguio City, Luzon – April 13, 2004
38. Atty. Juvy M. Magsino – Mindoro Oriental – February 13, 2004
